Ammonia As A Better Solvent Than Water

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Ammonia As a Better Solvent Than Water

The following properties suggest that liquid NH3 is a better solvent (reaction medium) than water.
1.    Redox reactions in liquid ammonia are very important. It is possible to work with species which are extremely strong reducing agents. The strongly reducing metal-ammonia solutions make liquid ammonia an excellent solvent for many reduction reactions. Strong oxidizing agents react with ammonia and so are not used in this solvent.

2.    Liquid NH3 is used to prepare compounds in unusually low oxidation states (e.g., reduction of K2[NiII (CN)4] to Ni0 complexes, K4[Ni0(CN)4]. These compounds would not be stable in aqueous solutions.

3.    Liquid NH3 is used as a preparative medium for compounds which are unstable in aqueous solutions. For example, a series of compounds containg metal to metal bonds have been prepared.
                                             liq. NH3
(CH3)3 SnCI + NaP (C2H5)2  →   (CH3)3 Sn P(C2H5 + NaCI

4.    Liquid NH3 is used to prepare alkali metal acetylides, M2C2 (by passing C2H2 through the solutions of alkali metals in liquid NH3). These compounds are then used to prepare a wide range of transition metal acetylides.

5.    Fare more stronger bases are available in liquid NH3 than in aqueous solutions.

6.    Due to less extensive hydrogen bonding, liquid NH3 is a better solvent for organic compounds which are more soluble than in water.

7.    Due to its lower viscosity, liquid NH3 provides a better medium for the movement of ions in it.

8.    Liquid NH3 has higher specific heat than water.

9.    Liquid NH3 has high critical temperature and pressure.

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