•    The design, construction and working of various hydraulic structures (such as dams, spillways etc) or hydraulic machines (such as turbines, pumps etc.) cannot be constructed or erected directly for its full size.

•    Before constructing or manufacturing and structure or machine, their models are constructed and tests are performed on them to obtain the desired information.

•    The model is the small scale replica of the actual structure or the machine.

•    The actual structure or machine is called as prototype.

•    Generally the models are much smaller than the corresponding prototypes, but in some case, models may be larger than the prototypes.

Ex. The dam or spillway can be studied in small scale whereas the working of a wrist watch or carburetor can be studied in a large scale model.

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