The software crisis is characterized by an inability develop software on time, within budget, and within requirements. The following are the main reasons for software crisis:

•    Lack of communication between software developers and users.
•    Increase in size of software.
•    Increase in cost of developing a software.
•    Increased complexity of the problem area.
•    Project management problem.
•    Lack of understanding of the problem and its environment.
•    Duplication of efforts due to absence of automation in most of the software development activities.
•    High optimistic estimates regarding software development time and cost.
To overcome these problems, the discipline of software engineering came into existence.

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