Products are manufactured by the transformation of raw material into finished goods. This is how production is achieved. Planning looks ahead, anticipates possible difficulties and decides n advance as to how the production be ahead out in a best way. The control phase makes sure that the programmed production is constantly maintained.

A production planning and control system has many functions to perform before the arrival of raw materials and tools, and some at the time when the raw materials undergoes processing.

The various functions are as follows:



(a)    Forecasting. Estimation of type, quantity and quality of future work.
(b)    Order Writing. Giving authority to one or more persons to undertake a particular job.
(c)    Product design. Collection of information regarding specifications, bill of materials, draw-ings, etc.
(d)    Process planning and routing. Finding the most economical process of doing a work and deciding how and where the work will be done.
(e)    Material control. It involves determining the requirements and control of tools used.
(f)    Tool control. It involves determining the requirements and control of tools used.
(g)    Loading. Assignment of worked to manpower, machinery, etc.
(h)    Scheduling. It is time phase of loading and determines when and in what sequence the work will be carried out. It fixes the stating as well as the finishing time for the job.
(i)    Dispatching. It is the transition from planning to action phase, in this phase the worker is ordered to start the actual work.
(j)Progress reporting
(i)    Data regarding the job progress is collected.
(ii)    It is interpreted by comparison with the present level of performance.
(k)Corrective action.
(i)    Expediting means taking action if the progress reporting indicates a deviation of ht plan form the originally set targets.
(ii)    Replanting. Deplaning of the whole affair becomes essential, in case expediting fails to bring the deviated plan to its actual (right) path.

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